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What is an anal fissure?

An anal fissure is a break in the skin of the anus. Anal fissures are extremely common, as many as one in five people will experience one at some point. Anal fissures are very painful and can cause bleeding. Some types of anal fissures heal by themselves, while others may require medical treatment.

An anal fissure is also known as hemorrhoid in the anus. It occurs when blood pools in the large muscle called the bulbocavernosus, which is around the opening of the anus. This blood pooling creates scalding pain and burning sensations, which are common symptoms.

Symptoms

Symptoms can include -

• Severe pain during and after bowel movements,
• Burning,
• Itching,
• Rectal bleeding sometimes

Treatment usually involves dietary changes and local applications of medication, such as creams, to relax the sphincter muscle and promote healing. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve the symptoms and heal the fissure.

How it is treated?

Most people with an anal fissure don’t need any medical intervention whatsoever. You can treat the pain and discomfort yourself by taking home remedies such as using a heating pad, ice packs, and rest. An anal fissure can be treated at home by:

• Consuming more liquids to stay hydrated and promote digestion using over-the-counter stool softeners
• Consuming more fibrous foods and using fiber supplements
• Applying nitroglycerin cream or hydrocortisone cream, such as Cortizone 10, to encourage Blood flow to the area applying lidocaine to the anus to lessen discomfort having a sitz bath to soothe the anal muscles, ease irritation, and enhance blood flow to the anorectal area.

After attempting home cures for your symptoms, you should see a doctor. He or she may suggest additional therapies.

Surgical methods

The sphincter muscles can be relaxed by a calcium channel blocker cream, allowing the anal fissure to heal.

• Botox treatment - The anal sphincter can also be treated with Botox injections. The anus will not spasm as a result of the injections because they temporarily paralyze the muscle. This promotes healing of the anal fissure while limiting the development of additional fissures.
• Sphincterotomy - The doctor might advise an anal sphincterotomy if previous therapies for your anal fissure are ineffective. In order to relieve the muscle, a small hole must be made in the anal sphincter. The anal fissure can mend by allowing the muscle to loosen up.
• Laser sphincterotomy - When a patient has a persistent fissure, laser sphincterotomy or LASER treatment is chosen. The surgeon makes an incision with a laser during the procedure. This aids in the repair of the cleft by assisting in the relaxation of the tight anal sphincter muscles.

What can be done to avoid an anal fissure?

Anal fissures are not always preventable, however by adopting the following precautions, you can lower your risk of developing one:

• Drying the anal region
• To prevent constipation, wash the anal area gently with mild soap and warm water.
• Consume fiber meals, drink lots of fluids, and exercise frequently.
• Addressing diarrhea right away
• If they have the condition, newborns' diapers should be changed often

Conclusion

Sharp discomfort and trace amounts of bright red blood with bowel movements can be brought on by anal fissures. The most common cause of anal fissures is long-term or recurrent damage to the area. Anal fissures are frequently caused by childbirth, anal sex, and transferring of hard stools.